I wrote about building a site with clean URLs, but that's useless to you. No, you've got a creaking hulking monster of a site that coughs up URLs like "render.php?action=list_mailbox&id=42189", was built "to meet an accelerated schedule", and eats summer interns whole.
This article tells you how to put clean and human-usable URLs on top of the site without even editing your underlying scripts. All these examples mention PHP but it doesn't matter what you coded the site in, you just have to be running Apache and have a little familiarity with regular expressions.
So we have two goals. First, requests for the new URL are internally rewritten to call the existing scripts without users ever knowing they exist. Second, requests for the old URLs get a 301 redirect to the new URLs so that search engines and good bookmarks immediately switch to the new URLs.
Let's work through an example .htaccess file. We take apart the new URLs and map them internally to the old URLs: